In European universities, teaching ethics has acquired special relevance with the Bologna Process and changes in curriculum. In Spain, the White Book of the Degree in Information and Documentation incorporates ethics as a specific competence, through the combination of ethical, social, and legal content, as a transversal competence. In this…

Gibbs's detailed description of decision-making around teaching war in a school that taught the children of active-duty soldiers provides an important glimpse into the numerous factors influencing their curricular and pedagogical choices. Gibbs rightly argued that the limited perspective of patriotism that resulted from the teachers' reluctance to…

Suggests that critical thinking and higher level thinking, involving such abilities as analysis, reasoning, decision making, problem solving, and evaluation, occur as a function of reanalyzing and restructuring information. Presents software for students and teachers to handle such knowledge restructuring, particularly as it is presented in…

Drawing on data collected during the second year of a longitudinal qualitative study that followed over 10 Latino/a bilingual students, this article foregrounds the experiences of participants during their sixth-grade year. The principle data sources included structured and unstructured interviews with teachers and students, school observations,…

This paper examines four court decisions felt by some authors to represent judicial activism concerning least restrictive environment for students with disabilities. The courts' reasoning and decision-making methods are discussed, and the paper concludes that there is no indication that the courts are ready to abandon precedence and begin…

Teachers at all grade levels need to recognize the importance of instruction in consumer reading and decision making skills. The definitions and prerequisites of a literate consumer underscore the importance of reading and reasoning skills development for making effective decisions. Consumer educators must also recognize that economic…

Context: It is the educator's responsibility to prepare the students to be clinicians who think and reason critically while integrating research evidence into practice. Those new to the role of faculty member, who lack clinical and teaching experience, face challenges in the classroom application of those concepts. Objective: To discuss the…

The paper explores reasons for the failure of contemporary approaches to moral education and suggests an alternative based on theories of prosocial behavior. Prosocial behavior comprises actions intended to aid another person or group of people without the actors' anticipation of external rewards. Cultural and social factors appear to be most…

Paul E. Newton's "Clarifying the Consensus Definition of Validity" addresses the single most important, yet stubbornly protean, value in educational and psychological assessment. "Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing" (American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in…

Principles of scientific data accumulation and evidence-based practices are vehicles of professional enhancement. In this article, the author argues that a scientific knowledge base exists descriptive of the relationship between teachers' activities and student learning. This database appears barely recognised however, for reasons including (a)…

From different angles, Borsboom, Markus, and Michell present a careful analysis of the way that specialists reason with empirical data about latent characteristics of individuals. They jointly argue for a more precise and thoughtful use of the key terms and measurement procedures that are ubiquitously employed in disciplines concerned with…

In common law legal systems, the doctrine of precedent directs appellate judges to search out legal rules articulated in previous cases similar to the present case before making their decision. Although this principle is universally accepted, the extent to which legal rules determine decisions varies, since the rule element and judicial discretion…

Responds to Gelatt's conception of decision making in counseling. Concurs with need for a broader view of human reasoning that includes complex processes, both rational and intuitive. Advocates examination of how clients think, feel, and behave as they process information during counseling. (Author/TE)

Five empirically based critiques have undermined the standard assumption that conscious thought is primarily for input (obtaining information from the natural environment) or output (the direct control of action). Instead, we propose that conscious thought is for internal processing, to facilitate downstream interaction with the social and…

In response to Gibbs' (see record 2006-08257-011) defense of neo-Kohlbergian models of morality, the authors question whether revisions in Kohlberg's model constitute a coherent refinement of the cognitive-developmental approach. The authors argue that neo-Kohlbergian measures of moral development assess an aspect of morality (the most…