This study explored the effects of scenario simulation games and e-textbooks on the learning outcomes of elementary school students. The study subjects were 60 primary school students classified into two groups: The experimental group was provided with scenario simulation course materials, and the control group received e-textbook materials. The learning outcomes were compared between the two groups, which were further divided by ability level and gender. The female subjects in the experimental group showed slightly less improvement than the experimental group males, who showed significantly greater improvement than the female control group subjects. Use of the e-textbook had a less positive effect on learning outcomes than the scenario simulation game-based instruction.