The association between physical fitness and age-related differences in cognition and brain structure has been studied fairly extensively during development and aging, yet comparatively less in young adulthood. The current study examined 1,195 young adults aged 22 to 36 (54% female; 67% Caucasian) to better understand associations between physical…

Situated cognition theory describes the context of a learning activity's effect on learner's cognition. In this paper, we use situated cognition theory to examine the effect of product dissection on product redesign activities. Two specific research questions are addressed: 1) Does situated cognition, in the form of product dissection, improve…

Understanding forgetting from working memory, the memory used in ongoing cognitive processing, is critical to understanding human cognition. In the past decade, a number of conflicting findings have been reported regarding the role of time in forgetting from working memory. This has led to a debate concerning whether longer retention intervals…

Student success results from positive learning environments which strive to meet the basic psychological needs of students, foster self-determined forms of motivation, and cultivate learning outcomes such as knowledge transfer, meta-cognition, and engagement. Low first-year student retention rates lead many universities to assess factors…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of cognitive behavior exhibited by secondary agriculture teachers and compare the behavior to science teachers. Teachers within the two groups were found to have similar attitudes toward teaching at higher levels of cognition. Agriculture teachers spent 83% of their time on lower-order…

A SERIES OF INVESTIGATIONS WAS CONDUCTED TO COLLECT DATA ABOUT TEACHER ROLE COGNITIONS. ROLE COGNITIONS STUDIED INCLUDED TEACHER ROLE COGNITIONS HELD AND COGNITIONS ATTRIBUTED TO OTHERS. INITIALLY DATA WERE OBTAINED FROM A PILOT STUDY OF OVER 100 UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN AN URBAN UNIVERSITY. ADDITIONAL DATA WERE OBTAINED FROM APPROXIMATELY 700…

THE CONCERN OF THIS PROJECT WAS TO ANALYTICALLY COMPARE THE VERIDICALITY AND ACCURACY OF THE SOCIAL ROLE COGNITIONS ABOUT PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS--THAT IS, HOW SIMILAR ARE THE GENERAL PERCEPTIONS OF TEACHER BEHAVIOR TO THEIR ACTUAL BEHAVIOR (VERIDICALITY), AND HOW WELL MATCHED ARE THE PERCEPTIONS ATTRIBUTED TO TEACHERS TO THE ACTUAL BEHAVIORAL…

This descriptive study identifies the thinking and learning skills--such as good decision-making strategies and monitoring one's own learning progress--that students should acquire, as described in standards documents from state departments of education, from national subject-area organizations, and from organizations concerned about adequate…

THE PRESENT STUDY WAS DIRECTED TOWARD THE IDENTIFICATION OF ROLE CONFLICTS FOR PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS IN A METROPOLITAN AREA. ROLE CONFLICTS WERE DEFINED AS THE EXISTENCE OF DISPARITIES BETWEEN COGNITIONS HELD FOR TEACHER BEHAVIOR OR OTHER CHARACTERISTICS BY MEMBERS OF VARIOUS SOCIAL POSITIONS. ONLY DISPARITIES LOGICALLY IMPLYING A POTENTIAL FOR…

The advent of the global information society and a myriad of other rapidly changing variables are presenting many new and unique challenges for the twenty-first century workforce, and perhaps the most pressing of these challenges is actually meeting the needs for qualified workers to fill the positions in emerging and growing fields. One such…

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CLASSES OF COGNITIVE PHENOMENA WAS INVESTIGATED, I.E., THE MOTIVATIONAL STRUCTURE AND THE DEGREE OF PERCEIVED ROLE DISPARITY OF TEACHERS. ONE ELEMENT OF MOTIVATION, CALLED "ORIENTATION FOR CHANGE," WAS RELATED TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROLE DISPARITY, INCLUDING "OPTIMISM" OR THE EXTENT IN WHICH THE…

AT PRESENT, ROLE THEORY IS MOVING TOWARD A MORE EMINENT POSITION IN SOCIOLOGY. ROLE THEORY HAS DEFINITE AND BASIC DISTINCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO PERSONS, NUMBER, BACKGROUND, CHARACTERISTICS, AND COGNITIONS. THE BIBLIOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF PREVIOUS RESEARCH IN THE ROLE AREA ARE PRESENTED. FOCUS IS ON THE PREVIOUS USE OF ROLE METHODOLOGY AND…

THE OBJECT OF THIS THESIS WAS TO ESTABLISH A RELATIONSHIP WHICH WOULD SHOW INDICATIONS OF TEACHER SATISFACTION TO BE DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO ACCURATE INTERPRETATION, OR COGNITION, OF NORMS AND EXPECTATIONS HELD BY PUBLIC SCHOOL OFFICIALS. DATA WERE DRAWN FROM A LARGER STUDY DONE BY BIDDLE AND ASSOCIATES IN 1961. IN A TEST SAMPLE OF 68 TEACHERS, A…

CONFORMITY TO PERCEPTIONS AND ROLE COGNITIONS ATTRIBUTED BY TEACHERS TO PUPILS, PARENTS, SCHOOL OFFICIALS, AND OTHER TEACHERS WAS STUDIED. PROBLEMS INVESTIGATED INVOLVED THE ACCURACY OF SIGNIFICANT TEACHERS' SOCIAL PERCEPTIONS OF OTHERS AND PROBABLE BEHAVIOR OF TEACHERS IN ROUTINE SCHOOL SITUATIONS. A SELF-EXPLANATORY QUESTIONNAIRE WAS PRESENTED…

THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COMMUNITY TYPE AND THE ROLE OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHER WERE INVESTIGATED. THE SAMPLE INCLUDED FOUR COMMUNITY TYPES, REPRESENTING DIFFERENT DEGREES OF URBANIZATION--RURAL, SMALL CITY, SUBURBAN, AND URBAN. INTERVIEW RESPONSES WERE OBTAINED FROM 98 TEACHERS, 261 PEOPLE-IN-GENERAL, AND 67 SCHOOL OFFICIALS WHO INDICATED…