Objective: To investigate the risk factors for osteoporosis among a sample of middle-aged women. Methods: Adipose tissue and bone mineral density levels at the left femur, lumbar spine, and total body were assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Subjects (n=342) were surveyed regarding a variety of osteoporosis-related risk factors. Forward stepwise multiple regression procedures were utilized. Results: Menstrual status, hormone replacement therapy, adipose tissue, and dairy product intake were retained in the regression models. Conclusions: Osteoporosis prevention programs need to emphasize the importance of hormonal status and body composition in addition to obtaining adequate calcium intake.