This study provides a review of research, especially Australian research, concerned with youth employment and the impediments to the expansion of youth employment. Following the introduction, the report is divided into nine main sections. First, a demand and supply framework, which is used to structure this review, is introduced. The next four sections then examine a variety of demand-side influences often hypothesized to provide obstacles to youth employment: cyclical variations in aggregate demand, structural change, inadequate education and training, and changing employer preferences. An examination of two supply-side influences--the level and structure of unemployment benefits and the preferences and aspirations of young workers--follows. The study then considers the role that labor costs play in determining employment outcomes. Finally, the implications for youth of the growth in part-time and casual working arrangements are examined. The document contains 25 endnotes and 44 references. (YLB)