The Program for International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) results, released in 2013, have spurred researchers to engage in rich analyses. In addition to making it possible to compare skill levels among the 23 participating nations, the PIAAC data have enabled researchers to analyze relationships among cognitive literacy, numeracy, and problem solving in technology-rich environments skills; age, gender, race/ethnicity, educational level; and a host of personal and social outcomes including health, economic well-being, and civic engagement. In 2014 and 2015, invited researchers reported their findings at PIAAC research conferences organized by the American Institutes for Research (AIR). The comments offered in this article comprise a revised version of discussant remarks the author made in response to AIR-commissioned papers by Donna Curry and Amy Trawick presented at the 2015 conference.