The purpose of this quantitative, correlational study was to test Goddard et al.'s (2004) theory of collective efficacy by relating collective efficacy of both certified and noncertified staff to Missouri public high school students' ACT Scores. Additionally, it could be beneficial for future educational leaders to gain insight into collective…

Beginning with the No Child Left Behind federal legislation, states were required to use data to monitor and improve student achievement. For high schools, the Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education chose End of Course Exams (EOC) to demonstrate levels of student achievement. The policy changed from school choice of paper-pencil…

Large achievement gaps have been found in ACT scores between high schools throughout the same state and in comparisons between states. In Missouri, four public high schools have consistently scored four points higher than the Missouri average for years 2007-2011. States, such as Nebraska, Minnesota, and Iowa, have shown consistent above average…