The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a primary teacher education program in improving science teaching efficacy beliefs (personal science teaching efficacy beliefs and outcome expectancy beliefs) of preservice primary school teachers. The study also investigated whether the program has an effect on student teachers' attitudes toward science. Data were collected by administering the "Science Teaching Efficacy Beliefs Instrument" and "Attitudes toward Science Scale" to 282 preservice primary teachers (147 freshmen, 135 seniors). Statistical techniques such as means and t-test were used to analyze the data. Results of the study showed that the primary teacher education program has a medium positive effect on science teaching efficacy beliefs of the primary preservice teachers (t = 4.791, p = 0.000) and that there were no gender differences in terms of efficacy beliefs. Results also indicated that preservice primary teachers' attitudes toward science were moderately positive and differ by class level. Fourth-year preservice teachers' attitudes toward science were found to be significantly more positive than the first years (t = 5.494, p = 0.000). There were no gender differences in attitudes toward science. (Contains 3 tables.)