Interviewed two generations of Punjabi mothers living in Britain. Found that while second-generation Punjabis are changing some traditional mores (equal treatment of boys and girls, modified system of arranged marriage), they are also eager to transmit the core values (religion, mother tongue, familial spirit) of their culture and want their…

From 1970-73 and in 1995, data on child-rearing practices were collected through interviews with Punjabi mothers living in Britain; topics included development of children's personality and independence. Findings revealed that enculturation has brought many changes in attitudes of the 1990s generation of Punjabi mothers; however, they still hold…

Examined the process of enculturation into schooling by observing 12 Punjabi-English children during their first term in nursery school. A case study of one pupil's experiences illustrates the findings that Punjabi-English children preferred to interact with pupils of their own ethnic background and that they tended to use their native language in…

Examines the work of two "East-West" storytellers, six-year-old Navdeep (born in Britain into a Punjabi Sikh heritage family) and Salman Rushdie. Looks at Navdeep's "The Witch and the Gang" for its narrative competencies. Uses Rushdie's "Haroun and the Sea of Stories" as a means of contextualizing Navdeep's story. (TB)

Presents a study designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of Incidental Teaching (IT) procedures which are meant to facilitate child initiated language in the nursery classroom. States that IT strategies work well in multi-ethnic classes and that careful rearrangement of the classroom environment encourages student initiated conversation. (GEA)

The context and processes of language acquisition in bilingual, bicultural British-Pakistani and British-Asian children (ages 2-19) attending a school for severe learning difficulties (SLD) were investigated. The first study compared 20 children with SLD who had a proficiency in speaking English and in their mother tongue (Urdu, Punjabi, Hindko,…

A representative sample of 4,000 adults aged 16 and over in all three nations of Great Britain were surveyed regarding the languages they currently speak, their current participation in language learning, and their future language-learning intentions. The following were among the key findings: (1) 29% of adults can speak one foreign language, and…