The pamphlet is one issue of the PROBE series which gives British secondary school youth an overview of social issues and suggests questions for discussion. Information and issues about law and justice in England and Wales are discussed in this issue. Section one explains the differences between criminal law, which is enforced by the police, and…

In England and Japan--two other industrialized democracies--the rates of violent crime are much lower than in the United States. Several features of English and Japanese law enforcement and education may explain the lower crime rates in these two nations, such as centralized law enforcement and standardized police training. (Author)

The determinants of sentencing are of much interest in criminal justice and legal research. Understanding the determinants of sentencing decisions is important for ensuring transparent, consistent, and justifiable sentencing practice that adheres to the goals of sentencing, such as the punishment, rehabilitation, deterrence, and incapacitation of…