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Amarala, Alberto; Magalhaes, Antonio – Higher Education Policy, 2009
This article examines the access policies in Portuguese higher education, from the 1974 revolution to the present. Recently, under the simultaneous pressure of a declining birth rate and increasing financial stringency, higher education institutions, both public and private, have started to compete for students, while responding to increasing…
Descriptors: Higher Education, Birth Rate, Competition, Student Diversity
Peer reviewed
Williams-Boyd, Pat – Childhood Education, 2005
In this article, the author describes the four characteristics of effective middle schools: (1) Academic excellence; (2) Developmental responsiveness; (3) Social equity; and (4) Organizational Structure. An effective middle school should be a place of learning guided by people who have chosen to work with young adolescents, help them develop…
Descriptors: Middle Schools, Early Adolescents, Educational Quality, Middle School Teachers