The family-centered medical home describes an approach to providing comprehensive primary care. Research advances in developmental neuroscience, genetics, and epigenetics offer a framework for understanding the dynamic process of brain development. It is this process that sets the life-course trajectory for an individual; in turn, a child's educational achievement, health behaviors, development of chronic disease, and adult economic stability stem from these early interactions between genetics and experience. The translation of this science into practice by the family-centered medical home can leverage this knowledge to formulate more effective strategies to enhance lifelong outcomes in pediatric learning, behavior, and health.