South Africa has a fast-growing HIV/AIDS rate, with the highest prevalence among young people (15 to 24 years), especially females. This paper is a comprehensive analytical review of available research concerning the sexual behavior of adolescents in South Africa. It offers insight into HIV infection among adolescents and provides an important base for educational interventions aimed at behavior change and reducing further transmission. The most important conclusion is that, despite the research (however limited) that has been done, there has been no significant change in the rate of infection among adolescents in South Africa. A new generation of behavioral interventions, involving both factual knowledge and life skills to promote behavioral risk reduction, is recommended.