In 2007, Andrew J. Rotherham proposed a new approach to the contentious issue of charter school caps, the statutory limits on charter school growth in place in several states. Rotherham's proposal, termed "smart charter school caps," called for quality sensitive caps that allow the expansion of high-performing charter schools while also encouraging new, independent schools to open each year. By examining the experience of two states that have implemented quality-sensitive charter school caps, the author draws lessons for policymakers on the questions that must be addressed in implementing a smart caps policy and the ultimate importance of high quality authorizing.