In North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), one of the German states, catchment areas for part-time vocational schools were abolished in 2008. With the intention to foster competition between schools in order to improve school quality, training companies now may freely choose the school of their choice. NRW is the first German state to take this step. In the present paper, the principle of part-time vocational school choice, as it has recently been introduced in the NRW dual system, is compared to the principle of User Choice which has been applied to Australian New Apprenticeships from 1998. A three-step approach is used: First, the country specific VET policy backgrounds are depicted. Secondly, a synoptical comparison is drawn between the two principles of choice. Thirdly, existing research studies and findings on the Australian User Choice principle are presented.