Immersive virtual reality (IVR) simulations for education have been found to increase affective outcomes compared to traditional media, but the effects on learning are mixed. As reflection has previously shown to enhance learning in traditional media, we investigated the efficacy of appropriate reflection exercises for IVR. In a 2 × 2…

The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the conceptual change approach, explicit reflective approach, and the course book by the Ministry of Education on the views toward the nature of science and conceptual change in the Light unit. Three study groups were selected from several seventh grade classes. Two of the three classes,…

The preferences of a group of 35 randomly selected undergraduate and graduate students for different text density on computer screens were examined in this study. The displays, which ranged from 53% to 22% density, were generated using the Apple IIe microcomputer. Students were shown a pair of screens of different densities and asked which screen…