This paper synthesizes the literature on educational change that analyzes why reform is so difficult for teachers to implement and how schools can alleviate some of the difficulties in order to ensure effectiveness. The first section explains difficulties with educational change and details barriers to change. Barriers include lack of time in the…

Surveyed first- and second-year teachers nationwide regarding concerns in four areas: classroom management, time management, communication with parents, and academic preparation. Data on 273 teachers indicated that new teachers needed more direct experience in school settings and continued assistance in discipline, time management, and…