Based on current research, the study reports on how students spend out-of-school time, addresses issues related to the integration of services and parent and family involvement, and suggests ways in which the Chapter 1 program can play a more active role than in the past. Research has indicated that placing more emphasis on primary services for children with a social, recreational, or civic orientation can reduce the need for specialized services aimed at deficits or dysfunctions. Children under adult supervision in formal after-school programs have demonstrated improved achievement and better attitudes toward school than peers in sibling care or self-care. Nearly one-third of 9-year-olds report that they do not receive daily homework assignments, but research suggests that programs that encourage and assist students to complete their homework can affect academic achievement. Schools can be a logical site for the integration of services, but are by no means the only possible place for service delivery. Parent involvement programs include a variety of service models. Current Chapter 1 law requires only a few parent involvement strategies, but many options are available for increasing involvement and its promotion in Chapter 1. Sixteen exhibits illustrate the report. (Contains 72 references.) (SLD)