This European Training Foundation (ETF) assessment provides an external, forward-looking analysis of Montenegro's human capital development issues and vocational education and training (VET) policy responses in a lifelong learning perspective. It identifies challenges related to education and training policy and practice that hinder the development and use of human capital. It takes stock of these challenges and puts forward recommendations on possible solutions to address them. These assessments are a key deliverable of the Torino Process, an initiative launched by the ETF in 2010 aimed at providing a periodic review of VET systems and policies in the wider context of human capital development and inclusive economic growth. The purpose of the assessments is to provide a reliable source of information for planning and monitoring national education and training policies for human capital development, as well as for programming and policy dialogue in support of these policies by the European Union (EU) and other donors. This assessment report starts with a brief description of Montenegro's socioeconomic and strategic context (Chapter 1). It then presents an overview of issues related to the development and use of human capital in the country (Chapter 2), before moving on to an in-depth discussion of problems in this area, which in the view of the ETF require immediate attention, and it formulates specific recommendations (Chapter 3). Chapter 4 provides overall conclusions of the analysis. The annexes provide additional information: a summary of the recommendations in the report (Annex 1) and an overview of the education and training system of Montenegro (Annex 2). [This report was prepared in the framework of the Torino Process 2018-20.]