Learning to read is difficult and does not happen naturally. It requires explicit and systematic instruction, which is especially important for struggling readers. Learning to read involves many different skills that must be taught to your child. Instruction in phonological awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension will help your child learn to read. Young children often need explicit instruction in phonological awareness and phonics. This brief discusses why learning about your child's reading development is important, how children typically develop in reading, and what to do if you have concerns about your child's reading progress.