This research report investigates the links between formal, non-formal and informal learning and the differences between them. In particular, the report aims to link these notions of learning to the field of sciences and engineering in Canada and the United States, including professional development of adults working in these fields. It offers practical, concrete examples as well as a conceptual framework for understanding formal, non-formal and informal learning. It offers examples of how all three types of learning are valued in the fields of science and engineering in both educational and professional contexts. It also discusses science literacy, what it is and how popular media is elevating science literacy in general. This is a companion report to "Formal, Non-formal and Informal Learning: The Case of Language Learning and Literacy in Canada" (February, 2010) [ED508254]. Four appendixes are provided: (1) National Science and Engineering Organizations in Canada; (2) Provincial Science and Engineering Organizations in Canada; (3) Selected International Science and Engineering Organizations Outside Canada; and (4) Other Selected Science Organizations. A bibliography is also included. (Contains 5 tables and 3 figures.) [This report has been published by Onate Press, an imprint of Eaton International Consulting Inc. Funding to research and develop the report was provided The Career Focus Program, delivered by Service Canada.]