In 1994, the government of Indonesia began to provide universal education for at least 9 years' duration. Enrollment rates of children aged 7 to 12 years rose to about 90 percent. Nevertheless, there is ample evidence that many children may not be able to participate fully in schools because of work or other reasons. This book presents an outline of a study of educational programs for disadvantaged youth managed and delivered by government institutions and by private organizations. The report includes an overview of each of the programs run by the Indonesian government and examples of best practices from private organizations. The report also discusses such issues as certification, linkages, and national legislation, and the challenges these issues pose. Following an introduction (Section 1), the report contains five additional sections: (2) "Characteristics of the Young Disadvantaged in Indonesia"; (3) "The Impacts of the Current Crisis on Education"; (4) "Strategies for the Young Disadvantaged: The Roles Played by Different Stakeholders"; (5) "Trends and Challenges in Providing Alternative Education for the Young Disadvantaged"; and (6) "Concluding Remarks: Reconstructing Alternative Education." (Contains 32 references, 20 tables, and 4 boxes.) (WFA)