Non-Formal Education (NFE) is traditionally defined as any organizational activity outside the established formal education system. In India two major types of NFE exist. The first type is literacy courses, available for students of any age; these are taught in the evenings. The second type is vocational training, which often takes place during the day. NFE in India is becoming a key factor in development work, not only because rural development is the most important goal for a better future in India, but also because NFE is, in practice, the only alternative for literacy for most women. Possible solutions for some of the major operational problems related to the NFE programs in India are proposed and discussed. These include methodology, teaching techniques, pupil assessment, and a number of physical hazards that act to hamper learner performance. A 20-item list of references is included. (DB)