The Minnesota Family Investment Program (MFIP) originated as a new vision of a welfare system that would encourage work, reduce reliance on public assistance, and reduce poverty. The program began in April 1994 in seven Minnesota counties and differed from the existing Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) system in two key ways: It included financial incentives to "make work pay" by allowing families to keep more of their welfare benefit when they worked, and it required longer-term welfare recipients to work or participate in employment services. Both policies are now key elements of most state welfare programs under Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), the successor to AFDC. This report presents MFIP?s six-year effects on work, income, marriage, childbearing, and children?s school achievement. Overall, the most lasting effects were on children in some of the most disadvantaged families. While the effects on parents? earnings and income faded after six years, children of single-parent long-term recipients were still performing better in school than their control group counterparts. The exception to this pattern is seen for a group of the most disadvantaged parents. For them, MFIP seems to have created a permanent "leg up" in the labor market, increasing their earnings and income through Year 6 and having large positive effects on their children.