This volume contains selected papers submitted to the 16th Annual International Conference of the Bulgarian Comparative Education Society (BCES), held in June 2018 in Golden Sands, Varna, Bulgaria. The 16th BCES Conference theme is "Education in Modern Society." The book includes 32 papers written by 67 authors. The volume starts with an introductory paper written by the keynote speakers Hennie Steyn, Deon Vos, and Louw de Beer. The other 31 papers are divided into 6 parts: (1) Comparative and International Education & History of Education; (2) Teacher Education; (3) Education Policy, Reforms & School Leadership; (4) Higher Education, Lifelong Learning & Social Inclusion; (5) Law and Education; and (6) Research Education & Research Practice. Following a Preface authored by Nikolay Popov, the following papers are included in this volume: (1) Introduction: Education in Modern Society (Hennie Steyn, Deon Vos, and Louw de Beer); (2) Modern as Contested Concept in Comparative and International Education (Charl Wolhuter); (3) The Birth of a "New" Theory of Education and Its Application in Comparative Education Studies (Johannes L. van der Walt); (3) "CHAT"-ting up Anatheism in Search of Authentic and Credible Religious Memories (Ferdinand J. Potgieter); (4) Reflecting on a University Partnership Project in Underprivileged South African Schools (Lynette Jacobs); (5) Economic Transformation and Emancipation through Active Citizenship Education (Agnetha Arendse and Juliana Smith); (6) The Road to Recovery from Alcoholism and Addiction: Retribution or Restoration? (Peter L. Schneller, Jenna Kennedy, Jessica Kennedy, and Zackery Metz); (7) Nationality and Culture as Factors Influencing Creativity Levels in Candidate Teachers: A Comparative Study between the United States and Turkey (Ricardo Lozano and Joanne Antrim); (8) Teachers and Education for Global Citizenship in a Mexican University (Marco Aurelio Navarro-Leal and Juan Manuel Salinas-Escandón); (9) Comparative Analysis of Educational Systems in Japan and Bangladesh (Mashraky Mustary); (10) German Dual System: A Model for Kazakhstan? (Makhabbat Kenzhegaliyeva); (11) Greek Language Education in Egypt: An Example in the Field of International Education (John Ieronimakis and Aggeliki Efstathopoulou); (12) Challenges and Opportunities of Professional Development in Teacher Education at a South African University in a Pre- and Post-Democratic Era (Juliana Maria Smith); (13) Analysis of the Activity of Preservice Teachers and Trainers on an ePortfolio Platform (Jean Simon & Laura Henriette); (14) Thinking 'Outside of the Box' in Modern Education Systems: Working across Cultural and Language Boundaries with Student Teachers in Lithuania (Gillian L. S. Hilton); (15) A Grounded Theory of ECD Principals' Self-Care and Workplace WellnessPromotion Practices (Erika Kruger); (16) Re-Contextualization of Effectiveness and Efficiency in Post-Socialist Education (Rimantas Želvys, Dovile Stumbriene, and Audrone Jakaitiene); (17) 'A New Way for New Talents in Teaching' or the Impact of Targeted Recruitment, Rigorous Selection, Innovative Training, and Ongoing Professional Support on Beginner Teachers' Performance (Neli Koleva and Maya Stoyanova-Warner); (18) Reflections on Educational Reforms in Latin America (Claudio-Rafael Vasquez-Martinez, Felipe González-Gonzalez, Francisco Flores, Jose-Gerardo Cardona-T., Irma González, Piero Espino, Eugenia Olaguez, Hector Rendon, Jorge Chavoya, Alba-Liliana Valdes-Perea, María-Ines Álvarez, Joaquín Torres-Mata, Erik-Moises Betancourt-Nuñez, Sergio-Esteban Rodríguez-Ramírez, Miguel Álvarez-Gómez, Jesús Cabral-Araiza, and Carlos Anguiano); (19) Pertinent Leadership and Governance Challenges Facing Schools in South Africa (Vimbi P. Mahlangu); (20) Comparing Traditional Learning Materials with Those Created with Instructional Design and Universal Design for Learning Attributes: The Students' Perspective (Peter Fenrich, Tim Carson, and Mark Overgaard); (21) Studying Abroad: A Case Study of Chinese International Mobility (Anna Mankowska); (22) Emotional Intelligence, Test Anxiety and Academic Stress among University Students (Gordana Stankovska, Dimitar Dimitrovski, Slagana Angelkoska, Zebide Ibraimi, and Valbona Uka); (23) An Overview of Integrating Arts and Creative Practices to a Business Programme: QAHE in Partnership with Ulster & Northumbria Universities (Elizabeth Achinewhu-Nworgu); (24) Cultural Challenges Facing Teachers Working with International Students -- A Case Study of QAHE (Queen Chioma Nworgu and Elizabeth Achinewhu-Nworgu); (25) Centralizations and Autonomies: The Delimitation of Education by the Hungarian Government (Zoltán Rónay); (26) Exploring the Practice of In Loco Parentis in Public Schools (Sharon Thabo Mampane); (27) School Heads of Department's Role in Ensuring Teacher Professional Development in Mathematics: The South African Context (Tebogo Jillian Mampane); (28) Inequalities within Nigeria's Education System: A Focus on Secondary Schools in Lagos, Ondo State and Ogun State (Shade Babalola); (29) State of Modern Education in Nigeria (Omokaro Obire); (30) Wellbeing of Adolescents as a Requirement for Education in Late Modernity (Jutta Ecarius); and (31) Analyzing Discursive Interactions of South African Academics in an Online Forum through Young's Communicative Model (Louise Postma). Individual papers contain references. [For Volume 15, see ED574185.]