This fact sheet provides demographic information for the young Dual Language Learner (DLL) population in Texas, based on Migration Policy Institute (MPI) analysis of U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) data pooled over the 2011-15 period. DLLs, defined as children ages 8 and under with at least one parent who speaks a language other than English at home, are less likely than their peers to access high-quality early childhood programs, although they stand to benefit disproportionately from such services. The fact sheet also provides information regarding English Learner (EL) and non-EL academic outcomes at the fourth-grade level as a means of estimating potential lags in achievement experienced by DLLs later in their academic trajectories that may be due in part to gaps in services as well as other risk factors outlined in this sociodemographic profile. Analysis of these data offers a snapshot of young DLLs in Texas and some of the risks to their academic success. This is followed by a checklist of state policies that can support DLLs in early childhood education and care (ECEC) programs in an effort to provide equitable services and close later gaps in achievement. Taken together, this analysis aims to provide a basic understanding of the characteristics of the substantial DLL population in Texas and the responsiveness of the state's policies to their needs. This fact sheet, part of a series available for 30 states, is accompanied by a national analysis of trends and key policies affecting DLLs across the United States.