This report concludes that for the U.S. to prosper and compete in the 21st century, the education system will need to change its goals and practices so all students may succeed. That is, as information has become ubiquitous, schools need to emphasize 21st century skills such as analyzing, synthesizing, and creating along with understanding and applying the basics. In this report and its companion study, "Next Generation Learning: Transforming the Role of Educators Today for the Students of Tomorrow," state board of education members from across the country determined that developing sound, new structures for education and the methods of teaching within those systems is not only inevitable, but critical. Here, structures for education are not the physical plant, important as that is, but the systems of pedagogy and assessments, school calendars, credits hours, and all that follows. A list of resources is appended. (Contains 2 tables, 2 charts, and 70 endnotes.)