The objective of this report is to improve Canadians' understanding of e-learning--particularly of the challenges, limitations and benefits--so that Canada may move forward in appropriate and relevant ways. Levels of adoption of e-learning have been significantly slower than predicted. This report also identifies areas related to e-learning where greater research is required to support effective decision-making, whether by policy-makers, educators or individual learners. It should be noted that this document does not aim to provide an exhaustive review or analysis of e-learning initiatives or policies, or to compare or rank the efforts of governments, institutions or organizations. This report builds on work undertaken by the Canadian Council on Learning (CCL) and other organizations over the last several years. Notably, studies sponsored by CCL were carried out by Rossiter Consulting (2006), Abrami et al. (2006), Fournier (2006) and Charpentier et al. (2006). These studies provide a rich picture of the scope and complexity of e-learning in Canada and the challenges that it faces. Fournier (2006), Abrami et al. (2006) and Charpentier et al. (2006) have provided a comprehensive review of the e-learning literature. Their reviews, particularly the one conducted by Abrami et al., provide the analytical underpinning for this report. Data and information for this report were also derived from a wide range of reliable sources. These include the OECD; Statistics Canada; Canadian federal and provincial government documents and websites; and academic and professional journals and articles. A bibliography is included. (Contains 3 figures, 10 tables and 416 endnotes.)