Scores assigned by trained raters and by an automated scoring system (SpeechRater[TM]) on the speaking section of the TOEFL iBT[TM] were validated against a communicative competence criterion. Specifically, a sample of 555 undergraduate students listened to speech samples from 184 examinees who took the Test of English as a Foreign Language Internet-based test (TOEFL iBT). Oral communicative effectiveness was evaluated both by rating scales and by the ability of the undergraduate raters to answer multiple-choice questions that could be answered only if the spoken response was understood. Correlations of these communicative competence indicators from the undergraduate raters with speech scores were substantially higher for the scores provided by the professional TOEFL iBT raters than for the scores provided by SpeechRater. Results suggested that both expert raters and SpeechRater are evaluating aspects of communicative competence, but that SpeechRater fails to measure aspects of the construct that human raters can evaluate. (Contains 9 tables.)