Teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections are leading public health problems in the United States. While abstaining from sexual intercourse is the best way to avoid these conditions, abstinence only education (AOE) programs in schools have been shown ineffective in delaying sexual initiation or decreasing the teen pregnancy rate. Conversely, comprehensive sex education (CSE) programs have demonstrated the ability to decrease teen pregnancy and delay initiation into sex. However, federal funding continues to primarily support AOE programs, and a majority of states favor AOE in schools, rather than CSE. The purpose of this review was to examine the role of policy on sexual health education, which can have an impact on the health and well-being of adolescents. The review provides school nurses with information to help them educate parents and administrators to the negative repercussions of AOE, so they can advocate for policy change.