This booklet provides an overview of the labor market problems facing Indians and Native Americans, the most economically disadvantaged ethnic group in the United States. It summarizes Indian policy, particularly major policies and laws that relate to early trade restrictions and the exploitation of Indians through trade; their forced removal from their land; establishment of the reservation system, land allotments, and assimilation; termination and relocation policy; and the more recent policies of self-determination. Discussion considers Indian population and labor force estimates and examines barriers to Indian employment. Lack of jobs on or near reservations is the greatest problem, but poor education and training, inadequate English language capability, tribal ties to the reservation, a culture that is not job-oriented, and poor housing and health conditions, and inadequate transportation are also cited. There are many federal programs for Indians, ranging from housing assistance, to health and transportation services, to education and training for jobs. A number of these programs are listed. But the report suggests that a high degree of overlap and fragmentation of federal programs hampers their effectiveness among Indians. Coordination of federal programs and further federal research, especially on effectiveness of JTPA programs, are recommended. This report contains 25 references. (DHP)