This publication provides a framework, the Fundamentals of Learning (FOL), to assist teachers in transitioning to the classroom practices called for in the College- and Career-Ready Standards (CCRS). The content of this resource is drawn from leading theory and research about learning and assessment and from an examination of the Common Core State Standards. Since it is the students who actually do the learning, this resource focuses on three fundamental aspects of learning that underpin classroom practice for K-12 students' attainment of the CCRS. The Fundamentals are: (1) Making Meaning; (2) Participating and Contributing; and (3) Managing Learning. This resource is one in a series produced by the Center on Standards and Assessment Implementation. The series' goal is to assist teachers and those who support teachers to plan teaching and learning for diverse learners from the CCRS.