In their plans to carry out the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), states universally recognize what New Leaders has long known: "leadership changes everything." In fact, every single state has committed to directing some portion of its federal funding into investments in leadership--from teacher leaders to principals and superintendents. These plans represent a marked shift from the past, when many states did not recognize the critical role principals and other school leaders play in creating schools where teachers and students thrive, together. As a result, investments in leadership have historically been inadequate. States that adopt a strong leadership agenda will be better positioned to achieve their goals for school and student success. A follow-up to Prioritizing Leadership: Opportunities in ESSA resource, this guide is designed to help state policymakers and other stakeholders: (1) Understand the range of leadership strategies included in states' ESSA plans; (2) Prompt new thinking on initiatives and investments that could address leadership needs in their states as well as other challenges for which leadership could be a smart solution; and (3) Take action to assess, strengthen, and even expand the scope of their state's leadership agenda. Cultivating a well-prepared, well-supported principal corps requires strategic alignment across the leadership ecosystem and targeted investments along a principal's career trajectory. In their ESSA plans, states have proposed a range of strategies to address leadership needs in five critical areas: (1) Prioritizing Excellent Instructional Leadership; (2) Advancing Diverse, Equity-Focused Leadership; (3) Distributing Leadership and Building a Leadership Pipeline; (4) Strengthening and Innovating Pre-Service Principal Preparation; and (5) Focusing and Reimagining On-the-Job Principal Support.