The Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) is one of the world's leading educational research centres. ACER's mission is to create and promote research-based knowledge, products and services that can be used to improve learning across the life span. This annual report describes ACER's milestones and accomplishments for the 2016-2017 school year. During 2016-17 ACER continued to create and promote research-based knowledge, products and services to improve learning. Following years of cooperative work in global education monitoring, ACER was admitted to official partnership with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). ACER's Centre for Global Education Monitoring is currently working with the UNESCO Institute for Statistics Global Alliance to Monitor Learning to produce common, coordinated and sustainable learning assessments across the world. ACER's focus on improving learning in the South-Asia region was strengthened with the appointment of Mr. Amit Kaushik as the first Chief Executive Officer of ACER India. The Scottish Government contracted ACER UK, in partnership with online education providers SCHOLAR and Twig, to develop and manage standardised national assessments in reading, writing and numeracy for students in P1, P4, P7 and S3. ACER and the South Australian Department of Education and Childhood Development convened a Schools Policy Summit attended by heads of government education departments, and representatives from the Catholic and independent school sectors and national agencies. The purpose of the summit was to discuss national challenges in raising standards in Australian schools and to identify areas in which improvements are being made and national lessons can be learnt. In late 2016 ACER released the national reports for Australia in the 2015 IEA Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), 2015 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and supplementary PISA financial literacy assessment. Work also continued on the Australian implementation of the 2016 IEA Progress in International Reading Literacy Survey (PIRLS), and on the international implementation of the 2016 IEA International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) and 2018 IEA International Study of Computer and Information Literacy (ICILS). The stories told in this report highlight ACER's continuing contribution to improving learning across the life span. [For "ACER 2015-2016 Annual Report," see ED582347.]