This report details how political and military violence targeting educational systems is depriving a growing number of children of the right to education. This study focuses on targeted violent attacks, carried out for political, military, ideological, sectarian, ethnic or religious reasons, against students, teachers, academics, education trade unionists, education officials and all those who work in or for education institutions such as schools, colleges and universities. It also includes attacks on educational buildings, such as the firebombing of schools. It urges the international community to address the issue of violent attacks, press for an end to impunity for such attacks and extend the application of human rights instruments to cover violence against education. It recommends the establishment of a publicly accessible global database to facilitate the examination of trends in the scale, nature and targeting of attacks as well as qualitative research into their motives. It calls for the allocation of more resources to the International Criminal Court so that more education-related cases can be brought to trial. Case studies of Iraq, Afghanistan, Thailand, Nepal, and Colombia are presented. This report is dedicated to the memory of Safia Ama Jan, a former Afghan teacher who, during the reign of the Taliban, risked her life by running an underground school for girls from her home.