Reading comprehension assessments often include multiple-choice (MC) questions, but some researchers doubt their validity in measuring comprehension. Consequently, new assessments may include more short-answer (SA) questions. The current study contributes to the research comparing MC and SA questions by evaluating the effects of anticipated question format on elementary students' reading behavior. Third- and fourth-grade participants were divided into the MC (n = 43) or SA condition (n = 44) and expected to answer questions consistent with their group assignment. Eye movements (EMs) were analyzed across the passage and on areas significant to its meaning. Correlational analyses between EMs and reading measures were conducted. Findings support modification of question format in reading assessments. Implications for school psychologists, teachers, and EM researchers are addressed.