Accountability policies imply much about high school teachers' abilities and willingness to use state assessment data to improve instruction. This study asked what teacher- and school-level variables best predict how frequently teachers use state assessment data and how much instructional benefit they derive from use of data. Research has identified several potential predictors at multiple levels of analysis. This study used hierarchical linear models to analyze data from a survey of high school teachers in western Washington. The results carry several implications for educational leadership and future research. (Contains 4 tables.)