Considered by many as a source of valuable data and a potential to improve mathematics education, a significant amount of studies have been conducted on The National Assessment Program -- Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) test results. This study is a systematic literature review of 86 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2008 and 2017 to investigate how NAPLAN numeracy test results were used in those studies. Findings showed NAPLAN results were used primarily to map student progress and identify strengths and weaknesses in teaching.