This review of high variability phonetic training (HVPT) research begins by situating HVPT in its historical context and as a methodology for studying second language (L2) pronunciation. Next we identify and discuss issues in HVPT that are of particular relevance to real-world L2 learning and teaching settings, including the generalizability of learning to new situations, in addition to variations in how HVPT is implemented that may promote optimal learning. Primarily, we focus on the relatively limited research that has explored the use of HVPT as a pedagogical tool. We conclude with recommendations for the future regarding the applicability of HVPT to L2 learning and teaching in the real world.