To ensure reliable, accurate, and timely data, which are necessary to monitor the progress of education in the United States, Congress has mandated that the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) produce an annual report, "The Condition of Education". This year's report presents 49 indicators of important developments and trends in U.S. education. These indicators focus on participation and persistence in education, student performance and other measures of achievement, the environment for learning, and resources for education. This statement summarizes the main findings of the indicators, which are divided into five sections: (1) Participation in Education; (2) Learner Outcomes; (3) Student Effort and Educational Progress; (4) Contexts of Elementary and Secondary Education; and (5) Contexts of Postsecondary Education. Appendices include: (1) Supplemental Tables; (2) Supplemental Notes; (3) Glossary; (4) Bibliography; and (5) Index. (Contains 110 tables and 105 figures.) [For "The Condition of Education, 2009", see ED505415.]