Responding to concerns that charter schools do not provide equal access to students with disabilities, advocates in districts, states, and courts across the country have sought to improve such access. Adding to these concerns, the U.S. Government Accountability Office recently released a report showing that charter schools, on average, serve a smaller proportion of students with disabilities than do district-run public schools. In New York, state lawmakers amended the New York State Charter Schools Act in 2010 to include enrollment targets for particular student groups. According to the amended law, charter school authorizers must set enrollment and retention targets for students with disabilities, as well as for students eligible for free and reduced-price meals and English language learners. Failure to meet the targets or make diligent efforts toward them could be considered a factor in the renewal of a school's charter. Broadly, these policies were developed to make certain that students in these traditionally underserved groups are provided full access to charter schools. In this report the authors provide some context to these policy responses to special education enrollment in charter schools by describing the distribution of students with disabilities in New York State charter and district-run schools. The authors show that different levels of comparison--state level, school type, district level, and authorizer level--yield different results, and comparisons at high levels of aggregation (such as those made at the state level) mask important information and variation. (Contains 6 figures, 2 tables, and 17 footnotes.)