This study compared the summer learning rates of students who attended Houston Independent School District (HISD) 2016 summer school to similar students who did not attend, for both promoted and retained students. For students between 1st and 2nd grade and those between 2nd and 3rd grade, summer learning rates were faster for both promoted and retained students who attended HISD summer school than comparable students who did not attend, but these differences were not statistically significant, likely due to the small number of students in each group. Similarly, promoted students between 4th and 5th grade and retained students between 6th and 7th grade who attended summer school had faster learning rates than comparable students who did not attend summer school, but they were not statistically significant. For these students, it was unclear whether HISD summer school was beneficial. However, for students between 5th and 6th grade and those between 7th and 8th grade, there is evidence that HISD summer school was not beneficial for either promoted or retained students. This is also true for retained students between 4th and 5th grade and promoted students between 6th and 7th grade.