Computation instruction continues to be one of the most important aspects of the mathematics curricula. Students who fail to understand and master the foundational components of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are likely to experience mathematics difficulties in both their school and post-school lives. A balanced instructional approach that includes evidence-based practices related to the development of conceptual, procedural, and declarative knowledge increases the likelihood that students will understand the meaning of the computational operations and demonstrate the ability to solve problems with accuracy and fluency. (Contains 3 figures and 2 tables.)