This study investigates the relationship between Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) scores in mathematics, science and reading and the employment rates in the following four economic activities: research and development, agriculture, industry, and service industries. Thirty-three countries were included in the study, and most analyses have been comparisons of performance between males and females. In addition, the study examines how these economic activities are associated with the "per capita" GDP of the countries. Based on regression analysis models, results show that PISA scores in mathematics negatively predict employment in the agriculture sector but positively predict it in the research and development sector. Science PISA scores and reading PISA scores positively predict employment in the industry sector and service sector respectively. Finally, the results of this study also show that the employment in research and development, employment of females in the service sector and PISA reading score are able to predict "per capita" GDP across countries. (Contains 7 tables.)