Based on a specially adapted questionnaire, research was carried out to explore how resources in modern distance learning were being applied in rural elementary and middle schools in Western China, in order to enhance the usefulness of the allocated resources. One particular distance learning project was used as the subject of the study, and teachers at 22 rural elementary and middle schools in 3 prefecture-level cities in Gansu Province, Western China, acted as the sample group. Analysis of the teachers' questionnaire responses showed that, (1) there is a comparatively high number of modern distance learning resources in use in rural elementary and middle schools in Western China, and they are being effectively used in the classroom to assist in everyday teaching; (2) teachers of rural elementary and middle schools in Western China have the ability to make use of these modern resources, and can obtain them by way of multi-channel inquiry; (3) modern distance learning resources are already becoming important components of everyday teaching resources in Western China; and (4) teachers are generally able to apply these resources well, despite some problems remaining. In the case of problems in application, most teachers are able to find adequate solutions.