The purpose of this study is to compare the mathematical skills of first grade elementary students who had or had not taken preschool education. The sample of the study consists of 150 elementary students, those with and without preschool education, who were enrolled in seven randomly chosen elementary schools located in Sivas (downtown). A questionnaire was used for data collection. The results of the study show that students with preschool education have higher mathematical skills compared to those with no preschool education.