In this article, we describe how to help primary-grade English language learners use compare-contrast text structures. Specifically, we explain (a) how to teach students to identify the compare-contrast text structure, and to use this structure to support their comprehension, (b) how to use compare-contrast texts to activate and extend students' background knowledge, and (c) how to use compare-contrast texts to help students expand and enrich their vocabulary. Although these strategies can benefit all young learners, they are particularly important for young ELL students. We, therefore, provide a brief discussion of the unique needs of ELL students. We also describe how understanding text structures can benefit young learners and explain why the compare-contrast text structure is particularly helpful to ELL students. (Contains 1 table and 4 figures.)