This article explores the extent to which primary school headteachers are prepared for the increasing contribution that self-evaluation is now expected to make to raising standards. Data were collected from headteachers in one local authority in England using a questionnaire and a number of semi-structured interviews. The findings indicate that headteachers hold a positive view of how self-evaluation contributes to school improvement and are able to make clear links between the two. However, it is questionable whether or not they are prepared for the increased emphasis on the use of self-evaluation. The research raises questions about the structures currently being put into place by the government to support schools in the future. (Contains 2 tables.)