For several years, HIV infection has increasing rapidly in Eastern Europe and Russia (UNAIDS, 2000, 2003). The purpose of the study was to investigate the HIV and STD knowledge, sexual behaviors and drug taking behaviors of adolescents in southern Russia. The instrument was compiled by the authors, professionally translated, and pilot tested. Most of the subjects were female (52.1%) tenth graders (63.8%) from schools in Samara, Russia. The majority of subjects drank 1-3 drinks per month (51.4%), did not smoke cigarettes (68.6%) and did not inject drugs (89.3%). Most of the subjects had not participated in sexual intercourse (68.6%). Those females who had participated in sexual activity because of physical force were more than 4 times as likely to have had intercourse than those who had not participated in sexual activity because of physical force (Odd Ratio = 4.67). The majority of subjects correctly indicated that condoms reduce the risk of HIV transmission, however, the majority of subject also incorrectly indicated that condom use reduces the risk of transmission of all sexually transmitted diseases and that sexual intercourse is safe if a condom is used. Subjects had highest levels knowledge on items related to commonly discussed methods of transmission such as shaking hands or touching, using needles to inject drugs, and multiple partners. However, subjects were less knowledgeable about methods of transmission that are less commonly discussed such as transmission from a mosquito or other insect, transmission from a toilet seat or transmission at a restaurant where the cook has AIDS. The results of the study are consistent with earlier studies of Russian youth. (Contains 4 tables.)