This article presents the findings from a sponsored research project funded by the Welsh Assembly Government on the effectiveness of the education welfare service in Wales. Findings were obtained from the use of three semi-structured questionnaires with local education authority and welfare service staff and with selected primary and secondary head teachers in twenty-one different local authorities. In addition, telephone interviews were carried out with selected representatives of WAG and LAs and an in-depth investigation was undertaken into EWS teams in eight different LEAs selected by size, structure and mode of operation. The key findings were subdivided into seven distinct areas: the policy context; the structure and role of the service; partnership arrangements; management features; perceptions and challenges; initial training, induction and in-service; looking to the future. The article concludes that the EWS in Wales is facing an increasingly challenging time and is looking for guidance and support on its future role. (Contains 12 tables.)